🌍 Eastern North America (Aronia melanocarpa — black chokeberry; also major production in Poland, Germany, China)
🕰️ Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) est la même baie que laronia — listed here for discoverability by both common names. See aronia-berry entry for full profile. The black chokeberry has higher anthocyanin content than the red (Aronia arbutifolia) and is the one used in commercial production. The astringency is so strong that it "chokes" — hence the name. Commercial Polish growers have developed less-astringent varieties (aronia-nova) but the traditional variety remains the most nutritious.